Reminder: PRV?s Still Around

April 25, 2007 — 

In light of the recent confirmation of Pseudorabies (PRV) in at least two Wisconsin hog farms, I thought a little refresher on the disease was in order. Below are some key points to remember concerning this disease.

PRV is a disease of swine that can also affect cattle, horses, dogs, cats, sheep, and goats. The disease is caused by pseudorabies virus, an extremely contagious herpesvirus that causes reproductive problems (including abortion and stillbirths), respiratory signs resembling influenza in grow-finish hogs and even occasional death losses in breeding and finishing hogs. Infection can result in 100% mortality in susceptible newborn piglets. The disease is not contagious to humans.

The virus is transmitted primarily by direct contact with oronasal secretions in domestic swine. It can also spread via contaminated fomites, such as boots, clothing and equipment and in rare instances via aerosol for up to 1 mile. Following good biosecurity practices greatly decreases the likelihood of infection. The disease is largely sexually transmitted in feral swine.

Highly efficacious vaccines have been developed for use against PRV. These genetically engineered vaccines enable diagnosticians to differentiate vaccinated animals from those naturally infected and were instrumental in control and eventual eradication of the disease from a herd.

First diagnosed in the U.S. in cattle in 1813, PRV was eradicated from the U.S. commercial swine herd in 2004 following an effort that kicked off in 1989. Before its eradication, PRV was estimated to have cost U.S. producers over $30 million annually through vaccine costs, testing, abortion, illness, loss of productivity and access to some foreign markets.

If you suspect PRV you should contact the state or federal animal health officials immediately.