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SHIC: Swine Disease Global Surveillance Report Bi-Monthly Update
September 19, 2018 — Paul Sundberg
The Swine Health Information Center (SHIC) posted an updated Global Swine Disease Monitoring Report this week. African swine fever (ASF) cases in China now exceed 20 and the disease has been discovered in Belgium as well as eastern Europe. In this report, details of the response to ASF in Belgium is detailed as well as present status in China. Timely Global Swine Disease Monitoring Reports and special announcements of new disease discovery are posted on SHIC's website. And, if you have information about swine diseases anywhere around the world, please submit it here so we can learn more.
On September 14, 2018, the OIE official report of the first African swine fever (ASF) case in Belgium was released, confirming our previous report. On Saturday, September 15, the Federal Agriculture minister confirmed three new cases in the same area of the initial report, identified in wild boars found dead in the city of Etalle (Luxembourg province), near the border with France.
On Friday evening, a multisectoral meeting took place in Belgium, where the farming, meat and animal feed sectors asked for priority measures against the spread of ASF to be in place. In the joint statement coming from that meeting, they draw up five possible critical needs/measures to mitigate the disease spreading: a European plan to define and maintain the affected zone; the creation of a committee dedicated to the export of meat and pork products; a regulated slaughtering and butchering method for pigs in the area which is under tight surveillance; a realistic and feasible plan to reduce the boar population in the country; and finally the creation of a crisis communication committee.
Arrangements are being made to ban the movement, hunting, and feeding of wild boars in the region to control the spread of the disease by human interaction. An investigation and monitoring program is being implemented, with the support of European experts.
With the reporting of two new outbreaks on September 14, unofficially, there have been 21 ASF outbreaks reported in China. The last two reported outbreaks included (a) 16 hogs with sudden death in the Inner Mongolian Province, and (b) a farm in Henan Province, with 148 infected pigs and 43 percent fatality rate. Officially, however, the OIE WAHIS platform still reports only 19 outbreaks in six provinces (Figures 1 and 2). Although the cause of ASF introduction into China remains unclear, in March 2018, FAO alerted for the risk of introduction of ASF into the country by illegal introduction of animals or food. There are also concerns that, similarly to what has been reported in Europe, wild boars may play a role in the spread of the disease.
Approximately 40,500 pigs have been culled since the beginning of the epidemic, with mortality rates that varied between 0 and 23.17 percent (Figure 1). The Chinese government reported checking pigs in thousands of sites, which may have resulted in the increase of the identification of new outbreaks. In an attempt to contain the spread of the disease, all transport of live animals from infected provinces is restricted, feed policy is being adjusted to the current scenario, and the logistics of the industry and the Chinese market are being reviewed. On September 13, the use of food waste and pig blood as feed for pigs in ASF-infected and neighboring provinces was banned. Also, testing pig feed for ASF will be required, and positive samples will trigger destruction of the whole batch of feed.
China is considering to import meat from other markets, including the European Union, that in 2017 faced an intense decline in pork exports. US hog market is also currently facing a low price market, however with expansion in number of sows and pork produced. International trade is at risk once ASF is spreading rapidly into consolidated markets like Europe and China, and concerns are growing around the globe.
References:
2018, 'African swine fever virus surfaces in China', Indiana AgriNews (IN), 14 Sep, p. C7, (online NewsBank).
https://www.feedstuffs.com/news/china-steps-asf-battle
http://www.worldstopexports.com/pork-exports-by-country/
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2018.00031/full
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